In Spain load tests on bridges are mandatory after construction and prior to opening to traffic. The tests are designed to, obviously, ensure that abridge is capable of supporting the required live load, but also to ensure it is behaving as planned. This is achieved by measuring deflections during the test and comparing them to expected values.
This first photograph shows the load test carried out on the Serreria Bridge in Valencia. While the second photograph corresponds to the Viaduct over the Turia river for a high speed railway line. My understanding is that the test will be repeated with trains once the rails and electrical supply are installed.
Obviously load tests imply extra costs, but I think that they are a very prudent measure on bridges of new construction and there is merit to the idea of implementing them on other countries. I have no experience, and I would love to hear from somebody who has been involved on them.
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